Living the Life of a Hospice Worker For a Week free essay sample

This paper presents an immersion essay about Alive Hospice, an organization catering to the needs of the dying. The following paper provides understanding of the organization, Alive Hospice, an organization that provides care while the patient enters end stages of disease and then goes through the process of dying. The writer examines what its volunteers provide for the terminally ill patients that it serves. In recent decades, medical science has advance to the point that people are living longer than ever before, and with that life comes a quality of life that is enjoyed well into the golden years. For those who are among the living the world is a beautiful place. However, for those whose lives are ending, the world can be a place filled with fear and uncertainty as one goes from doctor to doctor in search of hope and miracles. Then, when they announce the final curtain, that the patient is all out of options and the only path now is death, there are decisions to be made. We will write a custom essay sample on Living the Life of a Hospice Worker For a Week or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many people are afraid of dying in the clinical setting of a hospital, but they are not sure there are options. There are.

Nurture Essays

Nature/Nurture Essays Nature/Nurture Essay Nature/Nurture Essay Nature/Nurture Name: Institution: Nature/Nurture 1. The Nature versus Nurture decorum involves the comparative significance of the intrinsic qualities of a person against individual experiences in verifying or causing personal dissimilarities within corporeal and behavioral characteristics. In summary, the factors of nature and nurture influence the traits and characteristics human beings acquire based on genetics or the respective environmental milieu. The issue of child development necessitates the discourse exemplified within the Nature versus Nurture debate. On one hand, psychologists and geneticists allege that the development of a child gains influence from nature, which comprises genetics and biological predisposition. On the other hand, psychologists and geneticists assert that the development of child gains basic influence from nurture, which constitutes the environment. Nevertheless, consideration of these pair of assumptions surmises that both nature and nurture play a significant role in endorsing child development. 2. Indeed, the environment in which an individual occupies possesses considerable influence on development. According to Friendly Teacher (2005), the impact of the environment on the behavior of a person is indeed a generally acknowledged fact. However, with respect to this factor, it is also important to consider the quantity of the environment’s influence on an individual’s mannerisms and capabilities. As such, one environmental factor that poses influence on child development is nutrition. As a basic factor, nutrition poses a vital impact on an individual’s capabilities since it is broadly associative with the development of children in terms of personal growth and health. While considering the surroundings of an individual regarding the influence on ability, nutrition portrays a vital illustration. For instance, a certain study documents an instance in which a group of children consumed mineral and vitamin supplements for eight consecutive months (Friendly Te acher, 2005). In addition, the experiment inculcated intelligence examinations prior to and after the eight month treatment. As such, the outcomes revealed enhancements in the scores regarding the group in comparison to another group that did not take the supplements (as quoted in Nature vs. Nurture, 2001). Alternately, the interpretation of the results illustrates that the environment poses a significant responsibility in the development of intellectual aptitude among people. Another environmental factor that poses influence on child development is social interaction. Social interaction in the environment allows individuals to commune, learn and develop language as well as viable verbal and non-communication patterns, which assist considerably in the facilitation of development. As such, children exposed to a range of social activities such as playing, story telling and other co-curricular activities over time develop socially, emotionally and mentally based on the social relationships they creat e through the interacting activities. 3. Correspondingly, the genes innate within every individual incur a considerable effect on personal development. The basis of genes forms the nature of every person based on their genetics and biological composition. These genetic codes pass from one person to another because of the possibility of heredity. Such genetic codes influence different traits among individuals such as behavior, intelligence quotient (IQ) and height. Furthermore, the genes within people compose the dissimilarity that is evident among persons. These dissimilarities include physical characteristics such as the color of hair, the color of the eye as well genetically inherited diseases (SASJones, 2010). The illustration within Twin Studies indicates the matter of nature as a major influence on the development of children. Flanagan (2002) investigated the Minnesota Study, which comprised a pair of twins fostered separately. In one instance, indistinguishable twins, known as the Jim Twins, gained separate nurturing. The twins did not encounter each other after nearly forty years and surprisingly, possessed numerous similarities regardless of being apart for a long time. Interestingly, there was no evidence regarding the similarities except for the fact that nature posed a significant responsibility in the development. According to Flanagan (2002), â€Å"The Minnesota Twin Study concluded that on multiple measures of personality and temperament, occupational and leisure-time interests and social attitudes, mono-zygotic twins reared apart are about as similar as are mono-zygotic twins reared together† (as quoted in SASJones, 2010). As such, one cannot negate the fact that nature, in terms of genetics, creates substantial impact on development. As much as nature plays an important role in development through the transmission of different traits resulting from genes, it is also evident that nature influences child development through genetic abnormalities. Genetic abnormalities do not necessarily arise out of heredity. Instead, they depend on the genetic composition as well as instruction in the formation of cells within organisms. Usually, genetic instructions are fallible and can thus digress from the normal manner of functioning. Occasionally, when the formation of a sperm or ovum takes place, the quantity of chromosomes may partition unequally forcing the organism to possess a larger or smaller amount of chromosomes other than the standard 23. Furthermore, in the event that an abnormal cell amalgamates with a standard cell, the resulting zygote will possess an unequal figure of chromosomes, which will result into a baby with a syndrome that has an array of distinguishing characteristics that influence development in a di fferent manner. 4. The Nature versus Nurture debate prompts further study regarding the impact of genetics and the environment in the progress of health and behavioral issues from infancy to maturity. Research conducted on social and psychological aspects of individuals focuses on the association between cognition, sentiment and violent behavior. One study carried out by a faction of scientists in 2005 focuses specifically on violent behavior. The objective of the research delved on proving the permutation of genetics and the environment in influencing the development of criminally violent individuals. As such, the study gathered individuals who possessed the MAO-A gene. The MAO-A gene is a gene that comprises two alleles, of which one form is short and the other form is long. These alleles constitute the MAOA-uVNTR and the 5-HTTLPR genes (SASJones, 2010). Furthermore, the study focused on using an environment comprised of instances of violent childhood and upbringing in order to determine the corre lation between the genes and the violent background in developing criminal violence among persons. The outcome of the study indicated that the interaction of genes and the environment possessed credible impact in the development of violent persons. According to SASJones (2010), the study depicted that the evidence of 74 percent correlation between a short MAO-A form, an unfavorable background and aggressive behavior. Based on the study, individuals that possessed a long MAO-A form as well as an unpleasant childhood exuded less susceptibility towards violence. The results also proved similar for individuals that possessed a short MAO-A form and a most favorable childhood. With respect to the fact that the 5HTT gene posed null association to violence, it is evident that persons with the 5HTT gene, a diminutive MAO-A allele and an unfavorable background showed more violence than individuals who did not have the 5HTT gene. As such, the general outcome of the study proved that both factors, genes and the environment, influences violent behavior among individuals and as such, depict the influence of nature and nurture on development. 5. Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) poses significant association towards the notion of heritability. The concept of ADHD heritability influences the degree to which an individual is likely to gain ADHD. Thapar et al., (2006) asserts that the risk of gaining ADHD is greater among relatives with ADHD and conduct disorder. Additionally, genetic aspects among family members contribute enormously to ADHD symptoms ultimately. Alternately, certain genes influence ADHD irrespective of the fact that most of them do not possess a considerable impact in facilitating the disorder. Consequently, the genes influencing ADHD do not influence the development of the disorder wholly but in traits encompassing the illness. According to Thapar et al., (2006), the DRD4 7-repeat allele, which constitutes the DRD4 gene, is responsible for anti-social behavior among children suffering from ADHD. Additionally, Faraone (2000) acknowledges that the genetic studies conducted on the DRD4 gene as well as the DAT gene indicate that individuals with these genes are likely to gain ADHD. Furthermore, the polymorphism associated with both genes with respect to their respective alleles depicts potential acquisition of the disorder among individuals. Nevertheless, as much as both genes possess direct linkage towards being the causative factor of ADHD, the genes still possess an insignificant effect on ADHD heritability based on the deviating nature of their polymorphic forms. Other genetic studies performed on individuals with ADHD assert that 75 percent of the persons suffering from the disorder possessed one duplicate of the allele and as such, negate the influence of polymorphism as well as presence of genes as substantial factors towards the development and attainment of ADHD (Faraone, 2000; Thapar et al., 2006). 6. Regardless of the consistent amount of experiments conducted on affirming the Nature versus Nurture hypothesis, it is still possible to outline novel forms of testing that are possible for illustrating the concept. An example of an experiment regarding the interaction between nature and nurture with respect to development is the performance of adoption studies. Adoption studies differentiate from twin studies since they focus on deducing the influence of genes and the surroundings of an individual among persons with different genes. In summary, adoption studies focus on adopted children, the different traits they possess as well as the similar environment that they share with their adopted parents and its effect on their development. Furthermore, the study could be more beneficial in explaining the role of genes and the environment on development. An example of an adoption study would comprise a study involving the study of the traits intrinsic within adopted children. In the study, the adopted children share familial heredity but live together with foster parents. In conduction of the study, research will entail testing a foster family with adopted children and the adopted children’s biological family. The main objective of the study will focus on outlining the relationship between heredity and background in facilitating development among children. The children, while being adopted, will share the surroundings with other children but will not share similar genes with them. As such, the argument made for this study involves the possibility of the adopted children sharing more traits and features with their foster families in comparison to their biological families. The outcomes of the result will outline that nature and nurture facilitate development among children since the adopted children will not share traits with t he foster families but will accentuate the norms and values of their foster families. Conclusion In conclusion, nature and nurture possess credible and significant influence on the development of children. The number of studies carried out to test the concept acknowledges that genes and the environment affect the manner in which a child develops from infancy to maturity. Moreover, the prevalence of genetic diseases such as ADHD further supports the concept based on the assertion that heritability and the surroundings facilitate the disorder and hence a child’s development. References Faraone, S.V. (November 01, 2000). Genetics of childhood disorders: XX. ADHD, part 4: Is ADHD genetically heterogeneous? Journal of the American Academy of Child Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 11, 1455-1457. Retrieved from http://medicine.yale.edu/labs/lombroso/www/pdfs/column35.pdf/ Friendly Teacher (2005, Dec 16). The childhood development Nature vs. Nurture debate continues. Retrieved from http://voices.yahoo.com/the-childhood-development-nature-vs-nurture-debate-13176.html/ SASJones. (2010, Aug 5). Nature vs. nurture: Either, or; or both? Retrieved from http://voices.yahoo.com/nature-vs-nurture-6521126.html?cat=72/ Thapar, A., Langley, K., Asherson, P., Gill, M. (Jan 01, 2007). Gene-environment interplay in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the importance of a developmental perspective. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 190, 1-3. Retrieved from http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/190/1/1.full/

Argument Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Argument - Essay Example He talks about how one cannot be detached from Zen and think about it in a rational or detached manner. It is a way of being in the world. As an example of this, Highlet talks about a Zen Master teaching a pupil archery. A Zen master who was a teacher of archery agreed to take him as a pupil. The lessons lasted six years, during which he practiced every single day. There are many difficult courses of instruction in the world: the Jesuits, violin virtuosi, Talmudic scholars, all have long and hard training, which in one sense never comes to an end; but Herrigel’s training in archery equaled them all in intensity. If I were trying to learn archery, I should expect to begin by looking at a target and shooting arrows at it. He was not even allowed to aim at a target for the first four years. He had to begin by learning how to hold the bow and arrow, and then how to release the arrow; this took ages. The Japanese bow is not like our sporting bow, and the stance of the archer in japan is different from ours (Highlet). For Highlet, this helps illustrate his opinion that Zen is actually a religion. I strongly disagree with Highlet about this. This story may not be true: it is more of an anecdote which shows us that we need to reflect more on our position in the world than our immediate goals. This is more of a philosophical issue than a religious one. Highlet is wrong about this. Religion and philosophy are too different things. Religion is a systematic and ordered thing which has its special doctrines. Philosophy is a series of approaches to various problems. Highlet tries to make an argument that Zen is a religion but it is simply not ordered enough. His conclusion does not stand. He leads us through a number of anecdotes. But the sum of a series of anecdotes is not a religion. It is a series of ways of looking at problems—more of a philosophy. Highlet is an interesting writer and Zen is a strange

Factors That Impact on Consumers Price Sensitivity Essay

Factors That Impact on Consumers Price Sensitivity - Essay Example This paper illustrates that in marketing, it is imperative to understand price sensitivity. This is because it has a significant impact on how the product competes with the others in the market. It is crucial because it determines the success of the product. There are factors that impact on the consumer’s price sensitivity; one of them is the unique value effect. The uniqueness of a product will help it succeed. Consumers will not be very price sensitive if the product is outstanding from the rest. But if the product is similar to many others in the market, the consumers will have to make a choice; they will have to compare the products, and will most likely go for the one that has a lower price. This means that a marketer should know the qualities that would set the product apart. Perceived substitute effect is a very common factor that affects the consumer’s price sensitivity. If there are no substitutes, consumers will be less sensitive to prices. Technological advan cement has made it simple for consumers to know if there are substitutes. The media has been a big influence on the consumers. It is of great significance for a marketer to be aware of this to set the right strategies, especially when it comes to pricing. It is also vital to know how the competitors are pricing their products. Sometimes it is very hard for consumers to compare products. It, therefore, makes them less price sensitive if they have a difficulty in comparing products. Although the media has made it easier for the consumers to be able to quickly differentiate products, a marketer should be prepared to meet such challenges. Whenever there are different products to choose from, a consumer will always go for the most reputable one. A product that is well known will always have an upper hand. For example, in the market, there are very many different kinds of handsets, but the one that is well known always wins the competition, even if all the features are the same.

Organizational Leadership Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words - 2

Organizational Leadership - Term Paper Example Resources should be readily available for organisation’s operation to flow smoothly on a daily basis. When resources are insufficient in an organisation, activities in various departments are delayed. This delay affects the pace or timing or achieving set targets and objectives. For organisational goals to be achieved, effective strategies have to be outlined, and required resources have to be availed. Also, the organisational leadership has to be outstanding. This paper will analyse concepts in organisational leadership and implications of theory X, Y and Z leaders in modern organisations. According to theory X, employees in every business organisation do not like what they do. It argues that employees must be forced to do assigned duties and responsibilities, through pressure and control from managers. In a business organisation, the most vital resources are the human ones. These resources (employees) determine the success of the organisation in its quest to achieve its goals and objectives. The way they execute assigned duties enables managers to check whether objectives are likely to be realised or not. Leaders in an organisation are responsible for performance of employees. They are required to set a good direction that should be followed by all members within the organisation. The direction set is vital in outlining how things should be run in the company. Theory X states that for all operations to run as planned, the leaders in an organisation should be harsh. They need to be strict, and on employees’ heels so that good results can be realised, at the end of specified period because theory X gives authority to management not to involve employees when making vital decisions on behalf of the whole company. Management only consult among themselves when coming up with plans and strategies to counter uncertainties. The fast decision making process is vital to an organisation since decisions are made quickly, hence minimising

Ergonomic Factors in Workplace Accidents

Ergonomic Factors in Workplace Accidents Critically evaluate the ergonomic factors that may lead to incidents or accidents in the workplace environment. You should make reference to relevant examples where appropriate. It is essential that you research the current scientific literature on this subject and that you use this literature to support your critical discussion throughout. Introduction Ergonomics (Ahonen, M., Launis, M., Kuorinka, T.,1989) is a branch of engineering science, it accords the factors such as peoples psychology, people’s physiology, and body structure to design the hand tools, machines, households accessories, etc., in order to guarantee peoples security, work healthily, comfortably, and satisfied working results. Ergonomics has absorbed the extensive knowledge contents of natural science and social science; During World War II, because of the production of various modern weapons, designers must consider the users physiology and psychological characteristic conscientiously, and study how to make the machine in conformity with peoples ability limit and characteristic, thus the â€Å"ergonomics† has produced. Today, the ergonomics designs are widely used in the world (Alexander, D., Rabourn, R., 2001). In the study of â€Å"ergonomics†, the size of every part of human body, the persons vision and normal physiological value of the sense of hearing, the posture when people are working, human scope of activities, movement rhythm and speed, the muscle intensity, all are recorded (Bailey, R. W., 1989). Since those labor condition would causes the tire, fatigue, small amount damage to human body. Furthermore, the workplace environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, sound, vibration, illumination, color, smell of the environment are also a study area in ergonomics. Because those environmental conditions also causes the tire, fatigue, small amount damage to human body (Chengalur, S.N., Rodgers, S.H., Bernard, T.E., 2003). The study on peoples working behavior and produce various factors of the behavioral difference in ergonomic; these factors can be drawn together. It includes subjective factors such as age, gender, personal intelligence, culture engineering level, working interest and working motive, personality characteristic, working mood, etc. At the same time, the Ergonomics expert/researcher also study the social factor of living in objective factors such as the environment, equipment performance, condition of work, etc. These factors make peoples has a difference to the intensity of adaptation to various hand tools, fixture, machine, or equipment (Eastman Kodak Company, 2003). . Ergonomic Related Injury Ergonomic injuries include Repetitive Motion Injuries (RMIs), Repetitive Stress Injuries (RSIs), Cumulative Trauma Disorders (CTDs), Musculoskeletal Disorders (MSDs), or Cumulative Trauma Injuries (CTIs) (Armstrong, T. J., Kilbom, A., Violante, F. , 2000) (Arndt, R., Putz-Anderson, V. , 2002). The Ergonomic injuries (Hancock, P. A., Desmond, P. A., 2000). normally caused by the presence of ergonomic related risk factors (Aghazadeh, F.,1994), they are: Vibration: People uses impact tools or vibrating equipment. Awkward Body Postures: maintaining awkward or fixed or posture without any support such as twisting, reaching, or bending. Repetition: the people doing the same and repetitive motions for a long time. Force: The pressure applied to any part of human body while working such as gripping a hand tool, pulling, lifting, or pushing, pulling. Contact Stress: pressure applied to any soft tissues of human body while working such as the as the wrist pressed by sharp edges or hand tools. Exposure to heat or cold It is often these risk factors over time can lead to combinations of pain, injury and disability when people may cause injury, sustained exposure to ergonomic risk factors (Alston, G. (2003). Single event may place a stressed body tissues, but the exposure is too low bruises. Over time, the soft tissue or human body has the ability to recover. Repeated exposure to these risk factors, it may interfere with the bodys normal healing process, resulting in a disproportionate response, and lead to cause harm to humans (Alli, B. O., 2001). Ergonomic injury or MSD can affect the muscles, nerves, tendons, ligaments, joints, cartilage and intervertebral discs. They can be directly or indirectly related to job duties or work environment. Non- work activities and the environment will also affect the MSD. For example, the general staff may spend 6-8 hours a days computer work. With features such as online shopping, paying bills online, and sends the emails. The employee may spend 2-4 hours daily supplement his or her personal computer for sending and receiving e-mail. When the steps we spend more and more time each day on the computer , we have taken to ensure that our computers ( both in work and at home ) is set up to prevent these musculoskeletal disorders is imperative (Ayoub, M. M., Mital, A.,1989). Ergonomics is in already using various products, facility and production system extensively in the mechanical industry (Auburn Engineers, 1993). For example, driving car is an integration of people machine environmental system, driver should first find out about environment (rate of traffic flow, stream of people, traffic light, and sign) and status of car such as speed, engine temperature, pressure, oil level, etc. The driver has interaction with car control system for perfect driving. In addition to make the driver drive car with safe and comfortable, driver should adjust drivers seat. Furthermore, the vehicle designer should follow the human measurements, physiology, psychological characteristics while designing the car. 3. Example of Improvement of Screw Driver Design in Accordance with Ergonomics Rule Screwdriver is one of the most frequently used hand tools now, no matter is nearly indispensable tool in the factory or family, but when a person use screwdrivers, its main purpose may be to fasten into and back-out the screw, the homework involves the repetitiveness work of the hand, it crook back of especially wrist (Backs, R. W., Boucsein, W., 2000), palm crooking etc. The People/workers frequently use of screwdriver is easily to cause the accumulating muscle skeleton injuring or hand injury such as Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). For general screwdriver, it is a combination of a handle, a shaft, and a tip. The tip can be inserted into the head of the screw to fasten it into or back-out from a board, or wall. Figure 1. Screwdriver Design Before Improvement Figure 2. Screwdriver Design After improvement According to ergonomics, the new screwdriver design make the shaft with more greatly spraining strength, and then let user feel comfortable to hold the screwdriver and efficiency in use (Bahr, N. J., 1997) (Campbell, A., 2000). The ergonomics design includes the change of materials of handle. Use rubbery material to replace hard plastic or metal. The soft rubbery material provides strong friction between the handle of screwdriver and hand to prevent the slip whiles the use. The size and shape of handle should also be changed. In accordance with ergonomics, the size and shape of handle should fit the human wrist. It makes the people easily to hold the screwdriver with more comfortable and less fatigue (Green, J., 1997). The result of modification of screwdriver designs (based on ergonomic rules) is: (1)Increase the comfortableness when screwdrivers are held. (2)Flexibility degree, efficiency and torsion increasing while the use of screwdriver. (3)Reduce the probability of accumulating injury of the hand. 4. Example of Improvement of Computer Desk in Accordance with Ergonomics Rule According to the literature, there are a considerable number of computer operators complain about the long-term use of computer generated body discomfort, Including eye irritation affected eye feel pressure, keyboard or desk height not suitable for the operator and cause limbs stiff, these can lead to injury or damage to persons of the body, not only affect their health, but also reduce the work efficiency (Hanna, S. R., Konz, S., 2004). In accordance with ergonomics rules (Barling, J., Frone, M. R., 2004), computer desk should be designed to have a tilt angle, it allowing users to use the computer in the long term (Haas, E., Edworthy, J., 2003), and feel more comfortable in sitting job. The improved design also increases the work efficiency, but user doesn’t feel more burden or fatigue. In addition, the height and angle of desktop computer desk, with height and angle of display platform can also be adjustable to fit the body size of user (Anshel, J., 2005). Easy adjustable desktop computer desk, it allows users to feel more comfortable with less fatigue while the use of desk top computer (Grandjean, E., 1992). Source: http://www.cbs.state.or.us/osha/pdf/ergo/ergoadvantages.pdf Figure 3. Comfortable Setting of Computer Desk The improvement of desk top computer desk design in accordance with ergonomics rules can benefits users as follows: (1) The user can easily adjust the height and angle of desktop computer desk, it make user more comfortable while use of desktop computer. (2) The improvement of desktop computer desk design can reduce the burden/fatigue on the user shoulders, neck, and other parts of the elbow while long-term use of desktop computer. (3) The improvement of desktop computer desk design can reduce the eye fatigue while user long-term faced the monitor. 5. Example of Improvement of the Use of Portable Computer/Note Book Computer in Accordance with Ergonomics Rule Portable application of computer (Note Book Computer) is already quite popular as desk top computer, especially note book computer is easy to carry and place on the office table and play as desk top computer. More companies encourage the employee to use of note book computer instead of traditional desk top computer. But, based on the characteristic of the portable computer/note book computer in the design, for example, the keyboard and screen cannot separated from the computer, the user is often difficult to keep the good working posture while working. In long-term cases, it may cause muscle and bones straining or other relevant health problems. The improvement for the use of note book computer is needed. User or employee should follow the principles as much as possible while using the portable computer to work: Place the screen in front of the user Keeping the height of screen is the same as users sight height as much as possible (Anshel, J., 1998), or the screen is only lower than user sight height slightly (portable computer/note book computer normally placed on desk and then the screen being higher than the level of the tabletop) User should takes distance of 350-600 millimeters to the screen of portable computer/note book computer (display screen of 14 inches relatively takes distance of 400 millimeters) User can easily change the slope of screen and then cater to the users need User should avoid viewing the screen near window or other light sources The text size should be large, word distance and row spacing should be enough. Use the wrist or mouse cushion Platform for Portable Computer/Note Book Computer shelf /platform The employer should provide platform or screen support frame for note book computer user. This can help user to adjust the height of screen at users sight level. External keyboard and mouse The employer should provide ergonomics compatible external keyboard and mouse to note book computer user. It makes user, more comfortable and less fatigue (Jacko, J. A., Sears, A., 2003). Under many circumstances, external keyboard and mouse are the important accessories for portable computers user in the office. The following are suggestions of the external keyboard: The keyboard is thinner as much as possible, it is much better if the angle of keyboard can be adjusted in order to facilitate the user under different working conditions and postures (Vink, P., 2005); Word and symbol on the keyboard should be known and easy to recognize; There are enough spaces that offered support for hand in front of the keyboard.

The Great Depression Essay -- essays research papers

The Great Depression was a time of sadness and poverty for many. It became an unforgettable historical time in American history. The author of the book The Great Depression, Pierre Berton gives a clear view of what happened from 1929-1941. He basically outlines the Depression event by event, explaining what happened where and who was involved. Although many books can tell stories of the depression, I think the author of this book did a good job getting all the facts and letting the reader know exactly what happened.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is easily shown that the author, Pierre Berton, didn’t show much opinion in this book. He mainly focused on just the facts. He would however give some personal views of reasons for certain things or explanations. He probably got most of his information from a textbook or actual documents. He did a good job compiling these facts into a time line of events. He explains who each important person is that was involved in the times of the depression and all important laws passed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  He began talking about the crash of the market, dubbed Black Thursday. The crash spelled disaster for the national economy. Corporations with heavy investments faced a sudden shock to their assets. This was the beginning of the depression. The national income slipped lower each year from 1929-1932, and it did not return until World War II. Unemployment became the most important problem of the depression to the people living in the US. Another major problem was that the agricultural prices were cut almost in half, and many farms foreclosed because of it. The author goes on to say that there are many different theories as to why the stock market crashed that day. One was that the attempts of the US government and the Federal Reserve Board to stop speculation caused an overreaction in the market, leading to the selling panic.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The next big event in the book was the effects the stock market crash had on America. The author did a great job by including interesting statistics and facts. In 1930, farm income had fallen to the lowest it has been since 1921. A result of this was that farmers didn’t have enough money. According to Berton 5 percent of farmers lost their land. Nowhere was it worse than in the dust bowl, a farming area in the Midwest. Many farmers were forced to move west because o... ...ever got off subject at any time. The reviewer also compliments Berton on his writing style. The way he would write was a way that he always made sense and made it interesting. I can’t disagree with that either, I found the book very interesting, it was hard to put down.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Great Depression was full of facts and interesting information, and I learned a lot from it. Pierre Berton didn’t present his information with any kind of bias, he just stated what was true. Occasionally he would add in some personal views, but they never strayed far from the truth. The book basically told the story of exactly what happened to the economy during the depression, and Berton did a great job explaining each part of it. He never tried to put in his opinions and state that they were fact. He never had an argument, he was just telling a story of the depression. Therefore there was no side he could’ve taken one way or the other. He wrote his words so that it was understandable for all. He made sure to add in some interesting facts and tell stories in order to keep the reader interested. I think Berton did a great job in summing up the cause and effects of the depression.

Nano Technology in Oil Industry Essay

Introduction Nanotech applications & Nanoparticles have been successfully used in drilling mud for the Last 40-50 years. Recently the other disciplines of the oil industry, such as exploration, primary and assisted production, monitoring, refining and distribution, are approaching nanotechnologies due to its immense Potential for Confronting challenges, performance improvement & cost. Especially in ultra-deep water and artic environments, Severe reservoir conditions (high-temperature and high-pressure formations), nonconventional resources of energy,Heavy oils, tight gas, tar sandsreservoirs) Present nanotech applications in oil industry: Most of the major oil and service companies, such as BP, ConocoPhillips, Shell, Total and Schlumberger.done research in exploiting nanotechnologies to improve oil and gas production. Developing subsurface micro- and nanosensors that could be injected in oil and gas wellbores & identification of nanotech potentialities applied to EOR issues. Recent published results speak about Single-Walled-Carbon-Nano Tube (SWNT) / Silica nanohybrids, active at the fluid interface, if delivered at the O/W interface, would react and modify the oil properties to increase oil mobilization, hence oil recovery. Researchers ars analysing the potential benefits derived by the application of nanomaterials, nanofluids and nanomembranes in oil industry. Sensors: Nanomaterials are unparallelled tools for the development of sensors and imaging-contrast agents due to the significant alterations in their optical, magnetic and electrical properties, along with their ability to form (electrically and/or geometrical ly) percolated structures at low volume fractions. Such nanomaterials, when combined with smart fluids, can be used as extremely sensitive down hole sensors for temperature, pressure and stress even under extreme conditions. The ultimate evolution of instruments for oil prospects is perceived to be nanorobots, which should really provide an effective mapping of the reservoir. Nanorobots still remain a dream,shared by the medical and oil sectors. But advances in nanosensors miniaturization are becoming a reality. Coatings: A corrosion-resistant material solution represented by nanometric thin films  and composites with nanostructured fillers are in the advanced stage. corrosion-resistant materials are the â€Å"just ready to happen † nanotechnology-based applications,due to its relatively low risk, high effectiveness and low complexity. Nanocoated, wear-resistant probes, made of tungsten carbide or boron nitride, enhance the life span and efficiency of the drilling systems. The same applies to the nano-layered corrosion inhibitors in pipes or tanks, which creates a permanent molecular coating on the surface of metals, eliminating corrosion. Nanofluids and nanomaterials for drilling and completion : Nanotechnology has opened the development of smart fluids† for drilling, production and stimulation applications. Nanofluids and nano-based additives exhibit major advancement by enhanced drilling by adding benefits like wettability alteration, improved drag reduction and sand consolidation. A specialized petroleum laboratory has developed an advanced fluid mixed with nanosized particles and superfine powder that significantly improves the drilling speed and can eliminate formation damage in near wellbore zone. With the synthesis of a new breed of elastomeric composites filled with carbon nanotubes or other strongly anisotropic nano-objects, a stronger, tougher and more rugged drilling tools and apparatus will be manufactured in future. These tools will ensure a significant weight reduction and facilitate self-sensing elements to be interrogated for the real-time monitoring of the most critical parts. Another important technique in the development of super-hard materials is the use of nanostructured dispersed-hardened materials .First generation of nanotech applications for improving hydraulic fracturing are represented by BakerHughes’s nanostructured metal composites, combined by magnesium, aluminium and other alloys, which offer both strength at lower weight and the ability to â€Å"dissolve† away under certain conditions. Another example is the proppant produced by Oxane Materials, constituted by nano-structured ceramic material which is as strong as but lighter as ceramic proppant. A possible solution for mitigating fines, by nanocrystals for treating hydraulic fracture proppant packs to fix formation fines. Nanotechnology application for reservoir monitoring & for enhanced oil recovery Nanomembranes: A new generation of lightweight and strong nanomembranes is being developed and employed, Which will remarkably enhance  the exploitation of tight gas by providing efficient methods for removing impurities, separating gas streams and enabling GTL production. Nanoporous and nanoparticulate materials are also quite encouraging to manage the Health, Safety, Environmental, risks arise due to presence of CO2 and H2S in hydrocarbon mixtures. Nanotechnology application for reservoir monitoring The petroleum sector and the medical visualize the dream of a nanosensor able to provide in-situ information about the systems under analysis. The most complicated and Complex challenge faced by oil industry is that it requires strong technical improvements in injected nano sensors into the reservoir, to face placement and recovery, protection in harsh environments , 3-D location, sensors powering and data storage & retrieving. For example, the quantity of oil present in a reservoir could be assessed based on the amount of material lost or retained during the travel time, or the extreme conditions (temperature, pressure, salinity gradient) at which the nanoparticles were exposed and for how long, could be determined. The idea can be to pump nano-sensors in the reservoir periodically so as to regularly monitor changes in the well/field conditions.In turn, this could result in enhanced production efficiency. Several possible applications and exploitation schemes are currently under study with nano-devices injected into a reservoir. A novel paramagnetic nanoparticles into proppant structures together with these smart proppant could help in mapping the fracture efficiency using detectable contrast agents. Further nanoparticles could preferably segregate into different fluid portions, hence providing enhanced characterization of the reservoir and, fianlly , improved oil recovery,due to their miniscule dimensions, increased surface area and high mobility. Nanotechnology application for enhanced oil recovery: The greatest challenge at present is the possibility of increasing the efficiency of hydrocarbon production, both by improving the current EOR methodologies and by developing alternative technologies. The current researches indicate the new generation nano-agents should modify the properties of the injected fluid, in terms of viscosity, density, thermal conductivity and specific heat and modify the fluid-rock interaction properties, .The use of two different types of polysilicon nanoparticles (one nanometer-scale) in oil fields  improves wettability, to enhance water injection and improve oil recovery. The application of paramagnetic nanoparticles for EOR , possess a unique combination of fluidity and capability to interact with a magnetic field. The addition of a surfactant would greatly reduce the interfacial tension in waterwet reservoirs due to the presence of a dipole moment.The reservoir fluid molecules align, thus reducing the resistance to flow. ConocoPhillips, aims at creating a new class of polymer-type nanoparticles that can be incorporated with EOR injection fluids to improve hydrocarbon recovery by penetrating small pore throats without being trapped and hence the a mount of expensive injection can be decreased. The University of Alaska Fairbanks investigated The possibility of improving gas injection for the Alaska North Slope heavy oil recovery. Metal nanoparticles. reduce the viscosity of the heavy oil. Using super critical CO2 and Viscosity ReducingInjectant (VRI) saturated by nanoparticles, exploit the thermal properties of nanoparticles for improved heat transfer to heavy oil; explore the effects of Poly Di Methyl Siloxane and metal nanoparticles on density and viscosity for reducing mobility and viscous fingering Phenomena . When dealing with extremely low permeability reservoirs, conventional approaches to water flooding cannot provide recovery factors greater than 0.2. This is mainly due to capillary forces which are very strong in narrow pore channels. With low-permeability reservoir rocks, the level of purity and filtration of injected water is one of the most important issues for a significant oil recovery. With rocks characterized by a permeability of 0.1 ÃŽ ¼m2 the recovery factor deviates from an average of 0.4 by less than 10% if particulates in injected water are smaller than 200 nm. Nevertheless, with a rock permeability of 0.05 ÃŽ ¼m2 the recovery factor is dramatically approaching zero with the same particle ssize. A traditional water flooding technique is obviously unproductive in this latter case, unless water is filtered and purified of particulates down to at least 100 nm. Innovative water nano-filters are to be specially designed both to ensure uniform pore throats and the ability to recovery tens of billions of tons of oil. Some feel that oil is essentially a nanoliquid, with asphaltenes being the dominant part, flowing in a micro and often nanoscopic environment (i.e., the porous media). According to that,it seems justifiable to consider most of the oil and gas production technologies, reservoir treatments and  stimulation as nanotechnologies. Under this point of view, current petroleum science is relying on the study and control of physical chemical phenomena occurring at the nanometer scale and the ability to correctly model the reservoir flow plays an important role. However, a suitable tool to reliably describe coupled phenomena is still missing. The present approach being discussed is, for creating nanorobots to monitor individual pores and channels and hydrocarbon flow, exchange information and identify zones which intensify the extraction or the injection of water. CONCLUSION: Nanotechnology Application to the oil industry has an immense potential & benefits. Some applications are already available,while others could come from Complementing the solutions developed for the biomedical, automotive, aerospace, chemical and, textile Industries. Well drilling, fracturing and cementing as well as new generation membranes for gas separation already rely on nanotech solutions. At present efforts are being made to design nano-sensors for reservoir characterization and monitoring and to produce nano-fluids for improving EOR processes. Promising results have been obtained from laboratory experiment, but field tests are still in progress..The future of nanotechnology applications is remarkable.

Summaries of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo essays

Summaries of Copernicus, Kepler, and Galileo essays For 2000 years, Europeans believed earth was at the center of the universe. This is also known as the Ptolemaic theory. Nicolaus Copernicus, a Polish astronomer in the late 15thearly 16th century was unsatisfied with the belief that all heavenly bodies revolve around the earth. So in 1512, Copernicus set out to explain the theory of a sun centered universe. Copernicus noticed that the planets varied in brightness and sometimes appeared to move backward in the sky. If the planets were in a perfect circular orbit around the earth, he hypothesized, this should not happen. Although Copernicus was not the first person to discount the Ptolemaic theory, he was the first to introduce a different theory. His belief of a heliocentric solar system seemed very likely to him, but it needed to be proven. So Copernicus devoted many years making astronomical observations in attempt to bolster support for his theory. But Copernicus was reluctant to make his findings known because he feared criticism from Aristotelian traditionalists. It wasnt until the year of his death in 1543 that he did release the results of his research, which was later published: "On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres". Although his findings lacked sufficient mathematical data to definitively prove the planets orbit the sun, he allowed for future astronomers to ext rapolate from his findings and eventually prove the a heliocentric solar system. Johannes Kepler, born 1571 in Germany, is responsible for discovering his three laws of planetary motion during the 16th and 17th centuries. Kepler, a believer in the Copernican theory that the planets orbit the sun, not only helped support the views of Copernicus, but expanded on them by showing planets have elliptical orbits that operate under certain mathematical principles. While Copernicus suggested that the earth was not the center of the universe, he still assumed that the planets had perfectly circular ...

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MARKETING AND PROMOTING A FILM essays A film is the source of most of all our comedy and entertainment which all sorts of ideas come from. One film inspires another and so on and so forth. Once a rough draft of a script has been written, the writer has to see a director who will forward the film to a production company (like the ones mentioned below) who will call some well known actors who will then look over the script and decide whether they feel that the script will bring them publicity and whether they are being given the right wage. Sometimes there is a whole cast of people. Like on the Oceans 11 set there was at least five famous film celebs. The script is used to show other potential buyers like COLUMBIA-TRISTAR, PARAMOUNT PUICTURES and UNIVERSAL STUDIOUS. they decide whether the film has potential or whether it will be a flop like some of the older forgotten films (THE LEPRECHAUN rings a bell doesnt it Jennifer Anniston?) Most of the people you see on serialized television e.g: Friends (most of the cast), Spin City (Michael J. Fox), Buffy the Vampire Slayer (Sarah M. Gellar, Alyson Hannigan, Seth Green) have all been in a film as part of their debut on television. If you see somebody in a film and get to like their character and familiarize yourself with the person and when you see them on serialized TV you will watch it because you think that because the film was good, then the program might be just as good. Movies are also used to portray the things in life, which seem almost impossible or impossible completely, such as: Vampires, Werewolves, Goblins, Superheroes and so on. Once an actor or actress has approved the script, a contract is drawn up about how much the actor will be paid. Once the film has been approved by the actor, the film studio start with the production and have to set a location. They sometimes use open ...

Projects Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Projects - Essay Example This is to ensure that they maximize the benefits accrued from the resources and are able to deliver the best results within the shortest time possible. Proper project management also ensures that the costs of a project are kept at a minimal (KOSTER, 2009: 321). This paper looks at two different project one by the Nokia company and another one by Microsoft Company. This information is the used to give recommendation to the CEO of Branby Solutions PLC as the company plans to expand its projects to the international market arena. Microsoft Windows project that became successful Microsoft company windows project that was launched in the year 1984, was very successful. It was not successful because it as one of its kind, but because it was well managed. Moreover, the company licensed different companies around the world to sell its product. The company therefore benefited from the company existing distribution network without making extra investment. Since the introduction of the first w indow 1.0 in 1985, Microsoft continue to the sole operating window provider having monopolized the industry and continue to produce modified operating systems with the latest one being windows eight. Nokia International Smart-Phone Project Although Nokia has been a leading player in the mobile phone industry, it has failed terribly in the introduction of its Smartphone in the international markets. ... Nokia failed in recognizing the needs of the users as it has always done. Moreover, since it introduced it product after Apple’s Smartphone had become popular in the market; it took a second place (DINSMORE & CABANIS-BREWIN, 2011: 239). Nokia Lumia is also of a lower quality than other Nokia handsets. This is because the camera, which is one of the most admired features in Nokia product quality, is lower than that of its previous models. Discussions Findings Reasons Why Microsoft project succeeded Focus on development of one product. While Microsoft competitors were focusing on a wide range of products and would not renew them until the production of the next product. Microsoft focused on efficiency. Wide distribution network: Microsoft got its global presence by licensing different companies around the globe to sell her products. Innovativeness: Microsoft windows are innovative and focused on meeting the changing needs of the people. Why Nokia Smartphone Project failed Nokia has also invested a lot in advertising the Nokia Lumia instead of investing in the prompting the quality and uniqueness of the product. Its lack of innovativeness and not being on the forefront in satisfying the changing needs of the people failed. There is poor communication between Nokia and its customers and vice versa. It is not able to meet the needs of the client. It should be able to get the feedback from the client to learn their needs and use this information to create products that meet this need. Strategies of Project Management From the examples of Nokia projects that failed and succeeded above, five strategies that can be used to make an international project successful have been

Public Funds Provision for Parks and Leisure Areas Assignment

Public Funds Provision for Parks and Leisure Areas - Assignment Example The Newtownville district leisure department is evaluating the most appropriate methods of rationalizing its services by reducing its cost of operation. In its new initiative, the department is also considering to involve local population in the collection and allocation of funds. Additionally, the department is planning to obtain financial sponsorship and support from the local business community. To facilitate success in the new development, partnership with local business community is essential (Raymore and Scott, 2007, p.21). To overcome the current predicament, the department’s management is currently on the verge of exploring their commercial interests as well as involving the general public in the improvement of its services. The department is planning to increase the range of audience in their leisure services. Currently, the regular audiences of the department facilities entail local middle aged people among other age groups (Cranz, 2001, p. 121). The department is pl anning to develop their services to include the requirement of elder people in the society as well as visitors from other areas. Most of the audience visit the Newtownville district council leisure facilities to relax and to enjoy the attractive parks in the areas. The new project aims at expanding their services to incorporate other services (Gobster, 2001, p. 211) The Newtownville leisure services department is also planning to elevate the type and the number of personnel involved in taking care of the available park services. Currently, the department is planning to incorporate local people in the management of its recreational facilities. The department is also looking for financial assistance from local business community (Freysinger 2003, p.253). The local business community is expected to be involved in the management and in financing the management of the parks. To meet its future plans, the department is planning to use the profound reputation of the parks and other communa l leisure areas in attracting local business people and community to volunteer in taking care of the park facilities (Raymore and Scott 2007, p.21). The department plans to involve local people in the preliminary planning of the new development. The council also intend to conduct a survey to examine other methods relevant in appealing local volunteers to work in the communal leisure areas and parks. Additionally, the department is planning to advance the family requirements and needs in the park. The department is planning to liaise with local people to understand the areas which need improvement. According to the department, the areas which need improvement include improvement in food service delivery as well as improving the quality of food offered to families, which use council leisure facilities in picnics. The existing gap in service delivery results from inadequate number of employees in the park coupled with a decline in the quality of food to the visiting families (Mertes, 2 006, p. 47). To address the root cause of these inefficiencies, the council is planning to hire a research agency to assess the long term requirement of families which uses the park in their leisure activities. Regarding commercial interests, the leisure services department is planning to increase its financial sponsorship. The department i